It turned out that a 5 minute job with the angle grinder filed the top down enough so the clutch slides along the keys freely now. And yes, they both have roll pins installed.
In the above picture, I have laid out the axle components as I took them apart. According to the Red Roo manual, the round shim goes in between the sprocket and DOG clutch. I fitted it as they said, and the clutch and sprocket don't lock. Is that how it is meant to be installed?