Your governor is in sad shape, Shifty. First, the speed control cable is not attached to the governor at all. However let's leave that for later when the rest of it is sorted out. Second, the speed adjusting lever, which has one end of the governor spring attached to it, is mounted backwards on the carburetor. It needs to be flipped over so the two holes in the flat part are one above the other, on the right side. The spring should then be attached to the lower of the two holes. The other end of the spring is currently attached to the loop in the wire link, whereas it should be attached to the air vane. I can't see what the wire link is attached to in the picture.
This is how the governor works: the governor spring is stretched when the speed adjusting lever is pulled to the left by the speed control cable. That pulls the air vane to the left, and also pushes the wire link to the left, which opens the throttle butterfly. That makes the engine speed up. When it speeds up, more air is blown from the fan on the outside of the flywheel, which pushes the air vane to the right, pulling the wire link and reducing the throttle opening. Reducing the throttle opening stretches the spring, so it tries harder to open the throttle. When the spring force and the air pressure on the vane are in balance, the throttle stops moving and the engine runs at steady speed. If the speed adjusting lever is pulled further to the left, the spring is stretched more and the air vane will have to try harder to close the throttle, so the engine will run faster. If the speed adjusting lever is pushed further to the right, the spring will be less stretched, and will be more easily overcome by the air vane, so the engine will run slower. When you have the linkage correctly assembled, with the engine not running, if you move the speed adjusting lever to the left you should see the throttle open wide. When you push it to the right you should see the throttle close until the idle speed adjusting screw contacts the body of the carburetor.
When you cleaned the carburetor, how did you adjust the mixture screw? If you need choke to keep it running, the mixture is too lean. You fix this by turning the mixture screw anticlockwise a bit - say about an eighth of a turn. Usually the mixture screw needs to be turned anticlockwise about one and a half turns from fully clockwise - but be very gentle when you turn it clockwise to find out how far it goes, or you'll ruin the needle and the jet. Then follow the mixture adjustment procedure I posted earlier in this thread to get the right mixture.
