I need more pictures, to understand what I'm looking at. It looks as if that pic is taken through the grass discharge chute, toward the blade. It also looks as if there is no blade plate, or swing-back blades, but rather a single one-piece blade ("ninja blade"), and its length is the full cutting-width of the mower. It may be mounted on a boss on the bottom of the shaft, and the bearing housing may extend all the way down from the center of the deck to that boss. The bearing housing would then be bolted to the deck, and the shaft would continue above the deck to the V belt pulley. The bearing housing may be sitting vertically, and only the blade is tilted. I need to see a picture of where the blade mounts on the boss on the bottom of the shaft, so I can see whether the blade is bent, or it has come loose on the boss and is in the last stages of falling off the mower. It may have dealt a fatal blow to the deck, above the right side of the grass chute, slicing into it several inches. When it did that it may have cut the belt.

FWIW, if the blade came loose and trashed the deck and the belt, a year after the mower was sold new, I think this will not be a warranty repair. This is a pity because I think that deck is a goner.